Hematite Cross

Hematite Cross

A Stanhope is a tiny peep hole, called a lens, containing a micro photograph and inserted into a novelty souvenir. The photo inside these trinkets is the size of a pinhead and has to be held up to a light and close to ones eye to view the image. The lens technology was invented by Charles, 3rd earl of Stanhope in the late 18th century, and micro-photography was perfected by J.B. Dancer in England around 1840.

Stanhopes were commonly used in travel souvenirs beginning in the mid 1800s through the 1970s. A typical type of Stanhope souvenir is a tiny pair of binoculars with a scene of a tourist destination inside. Popular image examples are the Golden Gate Bridge and the Eiffel Tower, but they can be found with photos of attractions from around the world. Other common themes for Stanhope lenses are royalty images, especially Queen Victoria, political figures, and religious icons. Stanhopes can be found in a wide variety of collectibles ranging from sewing accessories to jewelry to writing implements.

Jewelry was a popular type of Stanhope made in the 19th and 20th century. Tiny peep photos that one could wear on a neck chain or bracelet entertained people of the era. There were cross pendants and rosaries that held a pinhead sized picture of The Lords Prayer, or Ten Commandments. Churches were also a popular Stanhope piece. At the other extreme were naughty photos of buxom babes tucked inside a pair of binoculars, or a still or movie camera. And in between were royal crown souvenirs with photos of the Queen of England, and televisions with Hollywood actors and actresses. Travelers loved to pick up souvenir bracelet charms in their travels and peek at the tiny pics inside to remember their trips. The variety was as vast as the imagination.

Silver Stanhope jewelry was more commonly manufactured than gold but other media was also used. Ivory, brass, bone, and celluloid jewelry was also made. Most Stanhopes were very inexpensive and cheaply made so there are few surviving early pieces. These were a dime a dozen in the early days and people did not think much about taking care of them. Because Stanhope lenses items are quite fragile, it is becoming more uncommon to find them in good condition.

Precautions should be taken with a Stanhope collection. Never put the piece in water or jewelry cleaner. The photo will be ruined forever. Do not store them in a plastic bag as it can contain moisture from the air. Also don’t expose the jewelry to high heat as the photo will bubble or become separated from the glue backing. Stanhopes should be stored in a ventilated container at room temperatures. There are lots of “Stanhopeless” jewelry items on the market because of uneducated owners, so when buying on-line always ask if the photo is intact.

There are websites with Stanhope collecting information. A very good one is called Stanhopes.info. The authors are residents of England and have done extensive research on Stanhope souvenirs. They also offer for sale a reference book and have a twice-yearly magazine for those who want to learn more about these treasures of the past.

If you want more information on vintage jewelry and collectibles visit my blog at CharmChatter, and make sure to browse my vintage jewelry shop at Ruby Plaza.

Please help!!! need to understand this for test. 10 points to best answer!! ?

Please help!!! need to understand this for test. 10 points to best answer!! ?
1.Hematite (iron ore) weighing 70.7 g was placed in a flask whose volume was 53.2mL. The flask with hematite was then carefully filled with water and weighed. The hematite and water weighed 109.3g. The
density of the water was 0.977 g/cm^3. What was the density of the hematite???

1. A cylinder with circular cross section has a radius of 2.56cm and a height of 56.32 cm. What is the volume of the cylinder?
Express the answer to correct number of significant figures.

2. If the density of silver is 10.5gm/mL, what is the mass of 1 cubic ft?

Please explain, show work and give answer. Thankss

Volume of water = 53.2 mL
Density of water = 0.977 g/cm^3 or 0.977 g/mL
Therefore weight of water = 53.2 * 0.977 = 51.9764 g
Weight of water + hematite = 109.3 g
Measured weight of only hematite = 109.3 – 51.9764 = 57.3236 g
Weight of hematite in air = 70.7 g
Loss of weight after putting in water = 70.7 – 57.3236 = 13.3764 g
Weight of displaced water = 13.3764 g
Volume of displaced water = weight of displaced water/density of water
= 13.3764/0.977 = 13.69 mL
Hematite is fully inside water.
Therefore volume of hematite = volume of displaced water = 13.69 mL
Density of hematite = mass of hematite/volume of hematite
= 70.7/13.69 = 5.16 g/cm^3
Ans: 5.16 g/cm^3
_____________________________________________

Radius r = 2.56 cm
Height h = 56.32 cm
Volume V = PI * r^2 * h
= 1160 cm^3
Ans: 1160 cm^3
____________________________________________
1 ft = 12 inch = 12 * 2.54 cm = 30.48 cm
Volume = 1 cubic ft = 1 * (30.48)^3 cm^3 = 28316.85 cm^3 = 28316.85 mL
Mass = volume * density
= 28316.85 * 10.5
= 297326.925 g
= 297000 g (rounded to 3 significant figures)
Ans: 297000 g

Note that cm^3 is the same as mL

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